@Article{LemesSaFiAlMaSiSh:2023:WaBuMo,
               author = "Lemes, Murilo da Costa Ruv and Sampaio, Gilvan and Fisch, Gilberto 
                         and Alves, Lincoln Muniz and Maksic, Jelena and Silva, Marcelo 
                         Guatura Barbosa da and Shimizu, Mar{\'{\i}}lia Harumi",
          affiliation = "{Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto 
                         Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and {Universidade de 
                         Taubat{\'e} (UNITAU)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas 
                         Espaciais (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais 
                         (INPE)} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)} and 
                         {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais (INPE)}",
                title = "Impacts of atmospheric CO2 increase and Amazon deforestation on 
                         the regional climate: A water budget modelling study",
              journal = "International Journal of Climatology",
                 year = "2023",
               volume = "43",
               number = "3",
                pages = "1497--1513",
                month = "Mar.",
             keywords = "Amazon Forest, Brazilian global model, temperature, water cycle.",
             abstract = "Global air temperature increase has caused changes in the global 
                         climate such as droughts, floods and severe events. Land cover 
                         shifts and the increase in greenhouse gas emissions can intensify 
                         these impacts. Therefore, the application of Specific Warming 
                         Level 2 (SWL2) technique has been considered to evaluate the 
                         global warming issue in various climate scales, which may induce 
                         different responses in the climate system. The objective of this 
                         study is to evaluate the impacts of a doubling of current 
                         atmospheric CO2 concentrations as well as the influence of 
                         deforestation of the Amazon Forest on the climate of South 
                         America. In this study, the CPTEC-BAM1.2 global model was used to 
                         simulate these processes. The first scenario of simulations 
                         considered doubled atmospheric CO2 concentration (2XCO2 = 776 ppm) 
                         and the second scenario is the total conversion of the Amazon 
                         Forest to pasture (DEF). In the third scenario both CO2 and 
                         deforestation are considered simultaneously (2XCO2 + DEF). A 
                         control simulation considers the natural Amazon Forest shape and a 
                         steady CO2 concentration of 388 ppm. Results suggest that the 
                         temperature increased in all scenarios, the highest increment in 
                         the 2XCO2 + DEF experiment (5.4°C in 2XCO2 + DEF, 5.1°C in DEF and 
                         3.2°C in 2XCO2). The model simulated drastic negative rainfall 
                         anomalies in each of three scenarios (2XCO2 + DEF: \−2.1 mm 
                         day\−1, 2XCO2: \−1.3 mm day\−1 and DEF: 
                         \−0.9 mm day\−1). Besides less precipitation and 
                         evapotranspiration, shifts in moisture transport were identified 
                         in each of the three scenarios. The effect of doubled atmospheric 
                         CO2 produces results similar to deforestation for hydrological 
                         water budget changes, and total pasture conversion may intensify 
                         such changes.",
                  doi = "10.1002/joc.7929",
                  url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/joc.7929",
                 issn = "0899-8418",
             language = "en",
           targetfile = "Intl Journal of Climatology - 2022 - Ruv Lemes - Impacts of 
                         atmospheric CO2 increase and Amazon deforestation on the.pdf",
        urlaccessdate = "02 maio 2024"
}